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Karl Friston
Creator of the Free Energy Principle and inventor of statistical parametric mapping (SPM). One of the most cited scientists in neuroscience.
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Karl Friston formulated the Free Energy Principle — a unified theory proposing that biological systems minimize surprise through predictive processing. He also invented Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM), the standard software for analyzing fMRI data used in thousands of neuroimaging studies worldwide. His work bridges Bayesian statistics, machine learning, and neuroscience.
“The brain is fundamentally a prediction machine.”
1959 — Present · British
Key Discoveries
Free Energy Principle
Predictive coding
SPM neuroimaging
Active inference
Gallery
Predictive brain
Neural computation
Brain imaging
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