Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity. Dopamine and norepinephrine dysregulation in fronto-striatal circuits underlies executive dysfunction. Delayed cortical maturation, particularly in prefrontal regions, is visible on longitudinal MRI. Stimulant medications increase synaptic dopamine and norepinephrine, improving signal-to-noise in attention networks. Adult ADHD recognition has expanded understanding of lifelong executive challenges.